Machine Vision
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| Machine
vision is the ability of a computer to "see." A
machine-vision system employs one or more video cameras, analog-to-digital
conversion (ADC), and digital signal processing (DSP). The resulting data
goes to a computer or robot controller. Machine vision is similar in
complexity to voice recognition. Two important specifications in any vision system are the sensitivity and the resolution. Sensitivity is the ability of a machine to see in dim light, or to detect weak impulses at invisible wavelengths. Resolution is the extent to which a machine can differentiate between objects. In general, the better the resolution, the more confined the field of vision. Sensitivity and resolution are interdependent. All other factors held constant, increasing the sensitivity reduces the resolution, and improving the resolution reduces the sensitivity. Human eyes are sensitive to electromagnetic wavelength s ranging from 390 to 770 nanometers (nm). Video cameras can be sensitive to a range of wavelengths much wider than this. Some machine-vision systems function at infrared ( IR ), ultraviolet (UV), or X-ray wavelengths. Binocular (stereo) machine vision requires a computer with an advanced processor. In addition, high-resolution cameras, a large amount of random access memory ( RAM ), and artificial intelligence ( AI ) programming are required for depth perception. Machine vision is used in various industrial and medical applications. Examples include:
The term machine
vision is often associated with industrial applications of a
computer's ability to see, while the term computer
vision is often used to describe any type of technology in which
a computer is tasked with digitizing an image, processing the data it
contains and taking some kind of action.
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