Hofstadter's law |
Hofstadter's law is
the observation that "It always takes longer than you expect, even when
you take into account Hofstadter's Law." In other words, time estimates
for how long anything will take to accomplish always fall short of the actual
time required -- even when the time allotment is increased to compensate for
the human tendency to underestimate it.
Hofstadter's law is
frequently evoked in IT contexts and is particularly relevant to time
management, productivity, project management and software development. The
non-specificity of the reference (it)
reflects that the law is broadly applicable in any situation where the task
is complex.
Douglas
Hofstadter, a cognitive scientist and author, introduced the law in his 1979
book G?del, Escher, Bach:
An Eternal Golden Braid. The system under discussion was
chess-playing computers, which had been predicted to beat humans within 10
years. However, ten years after that prediction, humans were still winning.
Hoftstadter wrote that the inablility for machines to triumph by that time
was "just one more piece of evidence for the rather recursive
Hofstadter's Law." (In fact, it wasn't until 1996 that IBM's Deep Blue
computer beat the reigning world champion Garry Kasparov.)Hofstadter's law illustrates one element of optimism bias, which leads people to overestimate the benefits of some proposed system and underestimate the drawbacks, as well as the time required for completion. It's also closely related to the humorous ninety-ninety rule proposed by Tom Cargill of Bell Labs: The first 90 percent of the code accounts for the first 90 percent of the development time. The remaining 10 percent of the code accounts for the other 90 percent of the development time. |
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