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How to Spot
Political Bias in a Text
Liberal and Conservative Bias
by Grace Fleming from thought.com
Updated July 10, 2017
Our political views stem for out notions of what is normal,
responsible, moral, and reasonable. This poses a problem when we realize that opinions often differ from person to person and from
year to year. There are also cultural differences to consider; while one
society might consider a certain behavior as normal and decent, another society
(or person) will consider it to be "out of step."
Your job, as you assess a piece of writing or a speech for
its political slant, is to determine your understanding of normal or neutral.
As a budding political thinker, you will need to determine
your "zero" point and decide what beliefs and opinions fall to the
"left" or "right" of that point.
Conservative and Liberal
In the political arena today, (in the United States) there
are two main schools of thought and two opposing political camps that comprise
much of the voting population. Their categories are conservative and liberal.
Conservative thought is sometimes called "right wing" and
liberal/progressive thought is called "left wing."
As you read or listen to textbooks, speeches, news programs,
and articles, you will come across statements that feel out of line with your
own beliefs. It will be up to you to determine if those statements are leaning
(biased) to the left or right. Keep an eye out for statements and beliefs that
are commonly associated with liberal or conservative thought.
And What is Conservative Bias?
The dictionary definition of conservative is "resistant
to change." In any given society, then, the conservative view is one that
is based on historical norms.
Dictionary.com defines
conservative as:
- Disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.
Conservatives in the United State political scene are like
any other group: they come in all varieties and they don't
think uniformly.
Guest writer Justin Quinn has provided a great overview of political conservatism.
In this article, he points out that conservative find the
following issues most important:
- Traditional family values and the sanctity of marriage
- A small, non-invasive government
- A strong national defense focused on protection and the fight against terrorism
- A commitment to faith and religion
- The right to life for every human being
As you may know, the most familiar and influential national
party for conservatives in the US is the Republican party.
Reading for Conservative Bias
Using the list of values stated above as a guideline, we can
examine how some people might find political bias in a given article or report.
Traditional Family Values and the
Sanctity of Marriage
Conservatives put great value in the traditional family
unit, and they sanction programs that promote moral behavior. Many who consider
themselves to be socially conservative believe that marriage should take place
between a man and a woman.
A more liberal thinker would see a conservative
bias in a news report that talks about marriage between a man and a woman
as the only proper type of union. An opinion piece or magazine article that
suggests gay unions are harmful and corrosive to our culture and standing in
contrast to traditional family values could be considered conservative in
nature.
A Limited Role for the Government
Conservatives generally value individual accomplishment
and resent too much government intervention. They do not believe that
it is the job of the government to solve the problems of society by imposing
intrusive or costly policies, such as affirmative action or mandatory health
care programs.
A progressive (liberal) leaning person would consider a
piece biased if it suggested that the government unfairly implements social
policies as a counter-balance for perceived social injustice.
Fiscal conservatives favor a limited role for government, so
they also favor a small budget for the government. They believe that
individuals should retain more of their own earnings and pay less to the
government. These beliefs have led critics to suggest that fiscal conservatives
are selfish and uncaring.
Progressive thinkers believe that taxes are a costly but
necessary evil, and they would find bias in an article that is overly critical
of taxation.
Strong National Defense
Conservatives advocate a large role for the military in
providing security for society. They tend to believe that a large military
presence is an essential tool for safeguarding society against acts of
terrorism.
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