Industrial Control System (ICS) from whatis.com
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Industrial
control system (ICS) is a general term used to describe the
integration of hardware and software with network connectivity in order to
support critical infrastructure.
ICS technologies include, but are not
limited to, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and distributed
control systems (DCS), industrial automation and control systems (IACS),
programmable logic controllers (PLCs), programmable automation controllers
(PACs), remote terminal units (RTUs), control servers, intelligent electronic
devices (IEDs) and sensors.
Historically,
most machines used in manufacturing and the operation of power plants, water
and wastewater plants and other critical infrastructures was dumb, and those
that were computerized typically used proprietary protocols. The networks
they belonged to were air-gapped and protected from the outside world. This
has changed over the years and components of today's ICSs are often connected
directly or indirectly to the internet.
Advances in smart sensor technology and
wireless networking have made the blending of operational technology (OT)
with information technology (IT) desirable and cost-effective. Despite the
benefits of increased speed, better responsiveness to conditions and improved
reliability that IT/OT convergence had brought, however, there are drawbacks
in terms of security.
Targeted
attacks against ICSs by terrorists pose a threat to most nations around the
world. As remote telemetry units used to input change become more capable of
local control and as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT continue
to grow, it becomes increasingly important for strategies to protect ICSs
from security threats be top of mind.
In the United States, the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) has offered these recommends for protecting
industrial control systems:
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