| from whatis.com |
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Transport Layer Security (TLS)
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Transport
Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that provides privacy and data
integrity between two communicating applications. It's the most widely deployed
security protocol used today, and is used for Web browsers and other
applications that require data to be securely exchanged over a network, such
as file transfers, VPN connections, instant messaging and voice over IP.
TLS
evolved from Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol and has largely
superseded it, although the terms SSL or SSL/TLS are still sometimes used.
Key differences between SSL and TLS that make TLS a more secure and efficient
protocol are message authentication, key material generation and the
supported cipher suites, with TLS supporting newer and more secure
algorithms. TLS and SSL are not interoperable, though TLS currently provides
some backward compatibility in order to work with legacy systems.
According
to the protocol specification, TLS is composed of two layers: the TLS Record
Protocol and the TLS Handshake Protocol. The Record Protocol provides
connection security, while the Handshake Protocol allows the server and
client to authenticate each other and to negotiate encryption algorithms and
cryptographic keys before any data is exchanged.
The IETF
officially took over the SSL protocol to standardize it with an open process
and released version 3.1 of SSL in 1999 as TLS 1.0. The protocol was renamed
TLS to avoid legal issues with Netscape, which developed the SSL protocol as
a key feature part of its original Web browser. The last update for the TLS
protocol (TLS 1.2) was issued in 2008. Since that time, the specification has
undergone several changes as new issues with the protocol have been
discovered.
A draft for TLS 1.3 was issued in 2014 and
the new version of the protocol, which is expected to be finalized in 2018,
is expected to add several features that will help improve security,
including support for Perfect Forward Secrecy and the pruning of obsolete and
insecure algorithms. TLS 1.3 is also expected to speed up performance by
simplifying the handshake process for encrypted connections.
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