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From whatis.com
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| Today is Ada Lovelace Day |
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Ada Lovelace
(Augusta Ada King)
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Augusta
Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, was an English mathematician who
is credited with being the first computer programmer. She is known for
writing the first algorithm for a machine, inventing the subroutine and
recognizing the importance of looping. Countess Lovelace lived from 1815 to
1852. Her birthday is December 10.
Ada, whose
given name was Augusta Ada Byron, was the daughter of the poet Lord Byron and
Annabella Milbanke Byron, an accomplished mathematician. Ada was educated in
music and mathematics by a succession of tutors, including Mary Somerville, a
noted mathematician and scientist during the Victorian era. In addition to
publishing her own papers, Somerville was known for translating Mecanique
Celeste by Pierre-Simon Laplace and adding her own notes to explain the
mathematics used by the author.
In 1833,
Somerville introduced Ada Byron to Charles Babbage, who demonstrated a
working model of a steam-powered calculating machine he called a Difference
Engine. According to contemporary reports, Ada was very interested in the
Difference Engine, which was designed to calculate and print out tables, but
was particularly fascinated by Babbage's plans for an Analytic Engine, a more
complicated machine inspired in part by the mechanisms of the Jacquard loom.
Babbage was impressed not only with Ada's mathematical knowledge and
understanding of how both machines would work, but also with her ability to articulate
her thinking.
Ada
married William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace, and kept in touch with
Charles Babbage. After the birth of her third child, she turned her attention
back to mathematics. By this time, Babbage had received funding from the
British government to build a full-size model of his Difference Engine. The
British Navy was interesting in using Babbage's machine to ensure the
accuracy of their navigation tables, but construction of the room-sized
machine proved mechanically difficult and after ten years, funding was
withdrawn. The Difference Engine was never completed, and Babbage turned his
attention once more to his plans for an Analytic Engine.
To raise
interest in funding the Analytic Engine, Babbage allowed Luigi Federico
Menabrea to write a paper about the Analytic Engine. The paper was published
in French and Ada Lovelace volunteered to translate it from French to
English. Just as Mary Somerville added her own notes to the translation of
Mecanique Celeste, Ada Lovelace added her own notes to the translation of
Menabrea's paper. By the time Ada finished, her notes were three times longer
than the original paper.
Ada
understood how the punch cards a Jacquard loom used to create patterns could
be used represent abstract ideas. This understanding allowed her to imagine
how the Analytic Engine could be used in ways that Babbage hadn't thought of
yet. For example, in her annotations, Ada described a method by which the
Analytical Engine could be made to compute Bernoulli numbers. Her algorithm
for computing Bernoulli numbers is considered to be the first computer
program. Ada Lovelace's translation of Menabrea's paper, which included her
notes, was published in 1843 under the name AAL.
Ada, the
programming language created by the United States Department of Defense, is
named in honor of the Countess of Lovelace. Since 2009, her contributions to
science and engineering have been recognized each year on the middle Tuesday
of October.
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